Russian

Archived from the original on October 23, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast. In , there were May 23, In the 19th, Vladimir Dal compiled the first dictionary that included dialectal vocabulary. From the point of view of spoken language , its closest relatives are Ukrainian , Belarusian , and Rusyn , [37] the other three languages in the East Slavic branch. Read View source View history. Links to related articles. In late , tensions between Yeltsin and the Russian parliament culminated in a constitutional crisis which ended violently through military force. Russian peasants, the great majority of the population, continued to speak in their own dialects. It was soon followed by the adoption of Christianity in and the introduction of the South Slavic Old Church Slavonic as the liturgical and official language. Main article: History of the Russian language. Russia's national non-alcoholic drink is kvass , [] and the national alcoholic drink is vodka ; its production in Russia and elsewhere dates back to the 14th century. Borrowings and calques from Byzantine Greek began to enter the Old East Slavic and spoken dialects at this time, which in their turn modified the Old Church Slavonic as well. Paul; Gary F.

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In Estonia Russian is spoken by In Azerbaijan , Russian has no official status, but is a lingua franca of the country. Holman, Michael ed. Also, Russian has notable lexical similarities with Bulgarian due to a common Church Slavonic influence on both languages, but because of later interaction in the 19th and 20th centuries, Bulgarian grammar differs markedly from Russian. Main articles: Media of Russia and Cinema of Russia. However, Russian was the sixth-most used language on the top 1, sites, behind English, Chinese, French, German, and Japanese. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

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The spoken language has been influenced by the literary one but continues to preserve characteristic forms. Archived from the original on March 13, Central Election Commission of Latvia. Columbus, Ohio: Slavica Press. After the Russian Revolution of , Russian literature split into Soviet and white émigré parts. Stressed vowels are somewhat lengthened, while unstressed vowels tend to be reduced to near-close vowels or an unclear schwa. Parliament of Tajikistan. Archived from the original on June 28, Igor Sikorsky was an aviation pioneer. However, due to the harshness of its environment, about Retrieved December 28,

Russian Dictionary

The regions of Russia have reserved areas of competence, but no regions have sovereignty, Russian, do not have the status of a sovereign state, do not have the right to Russian any sovereignty in their constitutions and do not have the right to secede from the country, Russian.
Russia has nine major mountain ranges, and they are found along the southernmost regionsRussian, which share a Russian portion of the Caucasus Mountains containing Mount Elbruswhich Russian 5, m 18, ft is the highest peak in Russia and Europe ; [11] the Altai and Sayan Mountains in Siberia ; and in the East Siberian Mountains and the Kamchatka Peninsula in the Russian Far East containing Klyuchevskaya SopkaRussian, which at 4, m 15, ft is the Russian active volcano in Eurasia.
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It is the largest country in the world by area , extending across eleven time zones. It shares land boundaries with fourteen countries. The country's capital as well as its largest city is Moscow. Saint Petersburg is Russia's second-largest city and cultural capital. Rus' ultimately disintegrated, with the Grand Duchy of Moscow growing to become the Tsardom of Russia. By the early 18th century, Russia had vastly expanded through conquest, annexation, and the efforts of Russian explorers , developing into the Russian Empire , which remains the third-largest empire in history. However, with the Russian Revolution in , Russia's monarchic rule was abolished and eventually replaced by the Russian SFSR —the world's first constitutionally socialist state. At the expense of millions of lives , the Soviet Union underwent rapid industrialisation in the s and later played a decisive role for the Allies in World War II by leading large-scale efforts on the Eastern Front. With the onset of the Cold War , it competed with the United States for global ideological influence. The Soviet era of the 20th century saw some of the most significant Russian technological achievements , including the first human-made satellite and the first human expedition into outer space. A new constitution was adopted, which established a federal semi-presidential system. Since the turn of the century, Russia's political system has been dominated by Vladimir Putin , under whom the country has experienced democratic backsliding and a shift towards authoritarianism. Russia has been militarily involved in a number of conflicts in former Soviet states and other countries , including its war with Georgia in and annexation of Crimea in from neighbouring Ukraine , followed by the further annexation of four other regions in during an ongoing invasion. Internationally, Russia ranks among the lowest in measurements of democracy , human rights and freedom of the press ; the country also has high levels of perceived corruption. Its mineral and energy sources are the world's largest, and its figures for oil production and natural gas production rank highly globally. Russia possesses the largest stockpile of nuclear weapons and has the third-highest military expenditure. According to the Oxford English Dictionary , the English name Russia first appeared in the 14th century, borrowed from Medieval Latin : Russia , used in the 11th century and frequently in 12th-century British sources, in turn derived from Russi , 'the Russians' and the suffix -ia.

Russian is a minority language. Russian [e] is an East Slavic language Russian, spoken primarily in Russia. It is the native language of the Russians and Russian to the Indo-European language family. It is one of four living East Slavic languages, [f] and Russian also a part of the larger Balto-Slavic languages. It was the de facto and de jure [23] official language of the former Soviet Union. Russian has over million total speakers pampers proces pielęgnowania. Russian is written using the Russian alphabet of the Cyrillic script ; it distinguishes between consonant phonemes with palatal secondary articulation and those without—the so-called "soft" and "hard" sounds. Almost every consonant has a hard or soft counterpart, and the distinction is a prominent feature of the language, Russian.

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